Commitments and Contingencies |
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Dec. 31, 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies |
Commitments and Contingencies
Leases
The following is a schedule of future minimum lease payments and future minimum sublease income under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2015:
We conduct our operations using leased office facilities in various locations. We lease office space under arrangements expiring through 2025. Rent expenses for eleven months ended December 31, 2013, the twelve months ended December 31, 2014 and the twelve months ended December 31, 2015 were $5.7 million, $8.6 million and $12.2 million, respectively.
For operating leases that include escalation clauses over the term of the lease, tenant improvement reimbursements and rent abatement periods, we recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term including expected renewal periods. The difference between rent expense and rent payments is recorded as deferred rent in current and long-term liabilities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2015 deferred rent was $15.3 million and $23.9 million.
Purchase Obligations
As of December 31, 2015, we had various non-cancelable minimum payments of $153.3 million, primarily in connection with the publishing agreements signed in 2015, of which $124.0 million is recoupable against future royalty payments and $29.3 million of which is not recoupable against future royalty payments, through 2018.
Legal Proceedings
We have been in the past, and continue to be, a party to various legal proceedings, which have consumed, and may continue to consume, financial and managerial resources. We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Our management periodically evaluates developments that could affect the amount, if any, of liability that we have previously accrued and make adjustments as appropriate. Determining both the likelihood and the estimated amount of a loss requires significant judgment, and management’s judgment may be incorrect. We do not believe the ultimate resolution of any pending legal matters is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
RMLC ("Radio Music Licensing Committee")
In June 2013, we entered into an agreement to purchase the assets of KXMZ-FM and in June 2015 the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") approved the transfer of the FCC licenses and the acquisition was completed. The agreement to purchase the assets of KXMZ allowed us to qualify for the RMLC royalty rate of 1.7% of revenue for a license to the ASCAP and BMI repertoires, before certain deductions, beginning in June 2013. As a result, we recorded cost of revenue - content acquisition costs at the RMLC royalty rate starting in June 2013, rather than the rate that was set in rate court proceedings in March 2014 for ASCAP and in May 2015 for BMI.
In September 2015, despite confidence in our legal position that we were entitled to the RMLC royalty rate starting in June 2013, and as part of our strategy to strengthen our partnership with the music industry, management decided to forgo the application of the RMLC royalty rate from June 2013 through September 2015. As a result, cost of revenue - content acquisition costs increased by $28.2 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, of which $23.9 million was related to a one-time cumulative charge to cost of revenue - content acquisition costs related to spins played from June 2013 through September 30, 2015 in order to align the cumulative cost of revenue - content acquisition costs to the amounts previously paid at the rates that were set in the rate court proceedings in March 2014 for ASCAP and May 2015 for BMI. We recorded cost of revenue - content acquisition costs for the performing rights organizations at the rates established by the rate courts for the three months ended December 31, 2015, and we intend to record such costs at the rates established by our direct licensing agreements beginning in 2016.
Pre-1972 copyright litigation
On April 17, 2014, UMG Recordings, Inc., Sony Music Entertainment, Capitol Records, LLC, Warner Music Group Corp. and ABKCO Music and Records, Inc. filed suit against Pandora Media Inc. in the Supreme Court of the State of New York. The complaint claimed common law copyright infringement and unfair competition arising from allegations that Pandora owed royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972.
In October 2015, the parties reached an agreement ("pre-1972 settlement") whereby we agreed to pay the plaintiffs a total of $90 million. The settlement resolves all past claims as to our use of pre-1972 recordings owned or controlled by the plaintiffs and enables us, without any additional payment, to reproduce, perform and broadcast such recordings in the United States through December 31, 2016. This agreement was approved by our board of directors and executed on October 21, 2015. Pursuant to this settlement, we paid the plaintiffs $60 million in October 2015 and the plaintiffs dismissed the case with prejudice. As a result, cost of revenue - content acquisition costs increased by $65.4 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2015, of which $57.9 million was related to a one-time cumulative charge to cost of revenue - content acquisition costs related to pre-1972 spins played through September 30, 2015. The remaining charge of $24.6 million will be recorded in cost of revenue - content acquisition costs over the future service period of January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2016 based on expected streaming of pre-1972 recordings over the period. The pre-72 settlement further requires that we make four additional installment payments of $7.5 million each. The first was paid in 2015, and the remaining three installments will be paid on or before April 1, 2016, July 1, 2016 and October 1, 2016.
On October 2, 2014, Flo & Eddie Inc. filed a class action suit against Pandora Media Inc. in the federal district court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleges misappropriation and conversion in connection with the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. On December 19, 2014, Pandora filed a motion to strike the complaint pursuant to California’s Anti-Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (“Anti-SLAPP”) statute. This motion was denied, and we have appealed the ruling to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. As a result, the district court litigation has been stayed pending the Ninth Circuit's review.
On September 14, 2015, Arthur and Barbara Sheridan, et al filed a class action suit against Pandora Media, Inc. in the federal district court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges common law misappropriation, unfair competition, conversion, unjust enrichment and violation of California rights of publicity arising from allegations that we owe royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. On October 28, 2015, the Court granted the parties’ stipulation to stay the district court action pending the Ninth Circuit’s review of Pandora’s appeal in Flo & Eddie et al. v. Pandora Media, Inc., which involves similar allegations.
On September 16, 2015, Arthur and Barbara Sheridan, et al filed a second class action suit against Pandora Media, Inc. in the federal district court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges common law copyright infringement, violation of New York right of publicity, unfair competition and unjust enrichment arising from allegations that we owe royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. On October 28, 2015 the Court granted the parties’ stipulation to stay the district court action pending the Second Circuit’s review of Sirius XM’s appeal in the Flo & Eddie et al. v. Sirius XM matter, which involves similar allegations.
On October 17, 2015, Arthur and Barbara Sheridan, et al filed a third class action suit against us in the federal district court for the Northern District of Illinois (“Third Class Action Suit”). The complaint alleges common law copyright infringement, violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act, conversion, and unjust enrichment arising from allegations that we owe royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. On December 29, 2015, Pandora filed a motion to dismiss and motion to stay the case pending the Second Circuit’s decision. The motion to stay was denied, and the motion to dismiss remains pending.
On October 19, 2015, Arthur and Barbara Sheridan, et al filed a fourth class action suit against us in the federal district court for the District of New Jersey (“Fourth Class Action Suit”). The complaint alleges common law copyright infringement, unfair competition and unjust enrichment arising from allegations that we owe royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. Pandora’s response to the complaint was due on December 29, 2015. On December 29, 2015, Pandora filed a motion to dismiss and motion to stay the case pending the Second Circuit’s decision. Both motions remain pending.
On February 8, 2016, Ponderosa Twins Plus One et al filed a class action suit against Pandora Media, Inc. in the federal district court for the Southern District of New York. The complaint alleges common law copyright infringement, misappropriation, unfair competition and unjust enrichment arising from allegations that we owe royalties for the public performance of sound recordings recorded prior to February 15, 1972. We are currently preparing our response to these allegations.
The outcome of any litigation is inherently uncertain. Except as noted above, including with respect to the $90 million settlement for UMG Recordings, Inc. et al v. Pandora Media Inc. in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, we do not believe it is probable that the final outcome of the matters discussed above will, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows; however, in light of the uncertainties involved in such matters, there can be no assurance that the outcome of each case or the costs of litigation, regardless of outcome, will not have a material adverse effect on our business. In particular, rate court proceedings could take years to complete, could be very costly and may result in current and past royalty rates that are materially less favorable than rates we currently pay or have paid in the past.
Indemnification Agreements, Guarantees and Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, we are party to certain contractual agreements under which we may provide indemnifications of varying scope, terms and duration to customers, vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. Such indemnification provisions are accounted for in accordance with guarantor’s accounting and disclosure requirements for guarantees, including indirect guarantees of indebtedness of others. To date, we have not incurred, do not anticipate incurring and therefore have not accrued for, any costs related to such indemnification provisions.
While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any claims under indemnification arrangements will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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