Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Intangible Assets

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Intangible Assets
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets Intangible Assets
Our intangible assets include the following:
    September 30, 2023 December 31, 2022
  Weighted
Average
Useful Lives		 Gross
Carrying
Value		 Accumulated Amortization Net 
Carrying
Value		 Gross
Carrying
Value		 Accumulated Amortization Net 
Carrying
Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
              
FCC licenses Indefinite $ 2,084  $ —  $ 2,084  $ 2,084  $ —  $ 2,084 
Trademarks Indefinite 250  —  250  250  —  250 
Definite life intangible assets:              
OEM relationships 15 years 220  (145) 75  220  (135) 85 
Licensing agreements 12 years 3  (3) —  45  (45) — 
Software and technology 7 years 29  (22) 7  31  (21) 10 
Due to Acquisitions recorded to Pandora
and Off-platform Reporting Unit:
Indefinite life intangible assets:
Trademarks Indefinite 312  —  312  312  —  312 
Definite life intangible assets:
Customer relationships 8 years 442  (266) 176  442  (225) 217 
Software and technology 5 years 391  (354) 37  391  (299) 92 
Total intangible assets   $ 3,731  $ (790) $ 2,941  $ 3,775  $ (725) $ 3,050 

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets
We have identified our FCC licenses and XM and Pandora trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use.
We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use radio spectrum, a reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time.
Our annual impairment assessment of our identifiable indefinite lived intangible assets is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year. An assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. As of September 30, 2023, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment loss was recognized for intangible assets with indefinite lives during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Definite Life Intangible Assets
Amortization expense for all definite life intangible assets was $36 and $39 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $109 and $117 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There were retirements of definite lived intangible assets of $44 and we recognized a related impairment loss of $1 during nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no retirements or impairments of definite lived intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
The expected amortization expense for each of the fiscal years 2023 through 2027 and for periods thereafter is as follows:
Years ending December 31, Amount
2023 (remaining) $ 36 
2024 77 
2025 71 
2026 71 
2027 25 
Thereafter 15 
Total definite life intangible assets, net $ 295