Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM.  Income tax expense for the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 was $109,343 and $138,929, respectively. We estimate our annual effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2016 will be 37.9%. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2016 was 39.0%. Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was 56.8% primarily due to the effect of a tax law change in the District of Columbia which will reduce our future taxes. As a result of this 2015 tax law change, we will use less of certain net operating losses in the future which resulted in a $44,392 increase in our valuation allowance.
As of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $47,773 and $49,095, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations and acquired net operating losses that we were not more likely than not going to utilize.