Goodwill |
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| Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Our annual impairment assessment of our two reporting units is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, states that an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Our Sirius XM reporting unit, which has an allocated goodwill balance of $2,290, had a negative carrying amount as of December 31, 2022.
As of December 31, 2022, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment losses were recorded for goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we elected to perform a quantitative goodwill assessment of our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit and determined the fair value of the reporting unit using a combination of an income approach, employing a discounted cash flow model, and a market approach. The results of our 2022 goodwill impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value of our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, we performed a quantitative goodwill assessment and determined the fair value of our reporting units using a combination of an income approach, employing a discounted cash flow model, and a market approach. The discounted cash flow model relied on assumptions, such as the extent of the economic downturn related to the COVID-19 pandemic, the expected timing of recovery, expected growth in profitability and discount rate, which we believed were appropriate. Additionally, assumptions related to guideline company financial multiples used in the market approach decreased based on market observations. The results of our 2020 goodwill impairment test indicated that the estimated fair value of the Sirius XM reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount. The carrying amount of the Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value primarily due to a reduction in the long-term forecast to reflect increased costs related to royalty rates for streaming and increased uncertainty surrounding the projected demand for advertising and decrease of listening hours. As a result, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $956 during the year ended December 31, 2020 to write down the carrying amount of the Pandora and Off-platform goodwill in the Impairment, restructuring and acquisition costs line item in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
As of December 31, 2022, the cumulative balance of goodwill impairments recorded was $5,722, of which $4,766 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our
Sirius XM reporting unit and $956 was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2020 and is included in the carrying amount of the goodwill allocated to our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit.
As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill for our Sirius XM and Pandora and Off-platform reporting units was $2,290 and $959, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we recorded $98 of goodwill related to acquisitions associated with our Pandora and Off-platform reporting unit. Refer to Note 3 for information regarding these acquisitions.
Refer to the table below for our goodwill activity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021:
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