Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries.  For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense was $70 and $12, respectively, and $227 and $162 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 22.2% and 3.3%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 25.3% and 14.9%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share based compensation. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the increase to the valuation allowance related to the federal research and development credits that are no longer expected to be realizable. The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share based compensation and a benefit related to state research and development credits. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2019 will be approximately 24%.
As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $86 and $66, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations, including tax credits, and acquired net operating losses that were not more likely than not going to be utilized.