Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries.  For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, income tax expense was $80 and $81, respectively.
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was 21.4% and 33.3%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was primarily impacted by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was primarily impacted by the increase to the valuation allowance related to the federal research and development credits that are no longer expected to be realizable. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2020 will be approximately 23%.
As of each of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $70 that was not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations, including tax credits, and acquired net operating losses that were not more likely than not going to be utilized.