Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

v3.5.0.2
Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM.  For the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, income tax expense was $111,556 and $112,543, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, income tax expense was $326,108 and $296,893, respectively.
Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was 36.5% and 37.6%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was 40.3% and 44.2%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was impacted by tax law changes in the District of Columbia and New York City. The tax law change in the District of Columbia will reduce our future tax and thus we will use less of certain net operating losses in the future which resulted in a $44,392 increase in our valuation allowance during the three months ended March 31, 2015. The tax law change in New York City will increase certain net operating losses to be utilized in the future which resulted in a $14,831 increase in our deferred tax asset during the three months ended June 30, 2015.
As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $49,257 and $49,095, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations and acquired net operating losses that were not more likely than not going to be utilized.