Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

Income Taxes

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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly owned subsidiaries.  For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, income tax expense was $76 and $71, respectively, and $157 and $151 for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was 22.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 was 27.0% and 20.6%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily impacted by the increase to the valuation allowance related to the federal research and development credits that are no longer expected to be realizable. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share based compensation. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2019 will be approximately 23%.
As of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $88 and $66, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations, including tax credits, and acquired net operating losses that were not more likely than not going to be utilized.