Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JUNE 30, 2018



o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
		FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM __________ TO ________

COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-34295

SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		38-3916511
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1290 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor
New York, New York		10104
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 584-5100

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: Not Applicable

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:



Large accelerated filer þ	Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o
		(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o	Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.



(Class)	(Outstanding as of July 23, 2018)
COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE	4,488,104,672	SHARES

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q



Item No.	Description

	PART I - Financial Information

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	3
	Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' (Deficit) Equity for the six months ended June 30, 2018	4
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017	5
	Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	43
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	43

	PART II - Other Information

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	46
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	46
Item 5.	Other Information	46
Item 6.	Exhibits	46
	Signatures	48

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2018			2017			2018			2017
Revenue:
Subscriber revenue	$	1,138,962		$	1,111,011		$	2,256,046		$	2,189,268
Advertising revenue	47,242			40,178			89,290			76,194
Equipment revenue	36,840			29,674			71,929			59,332
Music royalty fee and other revenue	209,255			166,706			390,136			316,841
Total revenue	1,432,299			1,347,569			2,807,401			2,641,635
Operating expenses:
Cost of services:
Revenue share and royalties	404,284			292,893			714,416			570,193
Programming and content	105,650			96,255			206,486			191,799
Customer service and billing	95,582			95,324			189,447			192,099
Satellite and transmission	23,478			19,603			46,200			40,179
Cost of equipment	7,674			9,371			14,771			16,283
Subscriber acquisition costs	119,778			125,154			242,471			252,642
Sales and marketing	119,435			106,707			226,146			203,616
Engineering, design and development	27,485			27,783			58,122			51,600
General and administrative	92,683			84,607			177,289			162,808
Depreciation and amortization	74,623			73,519			146,835			150,223
Total operating expenses	1,070,672			931,216			2,022,183			1,831,442
Income from operations	361,627			416,353			785,218			810,193
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(86,917		)	(82,794		)	(176,706		)	(164,451		)
Other income (expense)	88,212			(11,937		)	124,100			(3,074		)
Total other income (expense)	1,295			(94,731		)	(52,606		)	(167,525		)
Income before income taxes	362,922			321,622			732,612			642,668
Income tax expense	(70,570		)	(119,513		)	(150,819		)	(233,486		)
Net income	$	292,352		$	202,109		$	581,793		$	409,182
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(8,242		)	2,763			(17,826		)	2,746
Total comprehensive income	$	284,110		$	204,872		$	563,967		$	411,928
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07		$	0.04		$	0.13		$	0.09
Diluted	$	0.06		$	0.04		$	0.13		$	0.09
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	4,481,930			4,652,426			4,486,620			4,681,223
Diluted	4,589,095			4,735,592			4,588,986			4,759,741
Dividends declared per common share	$	0.011		$	0.010		$	0.022		$	0.020

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



(in thousands, except per share data)	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS	(unaudited)
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,516		$	69,022
Receivables, net	247,148			241,727
Inventory, net	18,967			20,199
Related party current assets	13,692			10,284
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	138,015			129,669
Total current assets	481,338			470,901
Property and equipment, net	1,468,930			1,462,766
Intangible assets, net	2,511,121			2,522,846
Goodwill	2,286,582			2,286,582
Related party long-term assets	1,051,337			962,080
Deferred tax assets	371,303			505,528
Other long-term assets	128,543			118,671
Total assets	$	8,299,154		$	8,329,374
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	871,373		$	794,341
Accrued interest	128,029			137,428
Current portion of deferred revenue	1,935,326			1,881,825
Current maturities of long-term debt	4,660			5,105
Related party current liabilities	4,103			2,839
Total current liabilities	2,943,491			2,821,538
Deferred revenue	160,286			174,579
Long-term debt	6,443,289			6,741,243
Related party long-term liabilities	6,269			7,364
Deferred tax liabilities	8,169			8,169
Other long-term liabilities	108,218			100,355
Total liabilities	9,669,722			9,853,248
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Stockholders’ (deficit) equity:
Common stock, par value $0.001; 9,000,000 shares authorized; 4,485,774 and 4,530,928 shares issued; 4,485,774 and 4,527,742 outstanding at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	4,485			4,530
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax	4,594			18,407
Additional paid-in capital	1,267,630			1,713,816
Treasury stock, at cost; zero and 3,186 shares of common stock at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively	—			(17,154		)
Accumulated deficit	(2,647,277		)	(3,243,473		)
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity	(1,370,568		)	(1,523,874		)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ (deficit) equity	$	8,299,154		$	8,329,374

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT) EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)



	Common Stock					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Additional Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock					Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
(in thousands)	Shares		Amount			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Additional Paid-in Capital			Shares		Amount			Accumulated Deficit			Total Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	4,530,928		$	4,530		$	18,407		$	1,713,816		3,186		$	(17,154	)	$	(3,243,473	)	$	(1,523,874	)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles	—		—			4,013			—			—		—			14,403			18,416
Comprehensive income, net of tax	—		—			(17,826		)	—			—		—			581,793			563,967
Share-based payment expense	—		—			—			58,208			—		—			—			58,208
Exercise of options and vesting of restricted stock units	13,875		14			—			(14		)	—		—			—			—
Minimum withholding taxes on net share settlement of stock-based compensation	—		—			—			(71,540		)	—		—			—			(71,540		)
Cash dividends paid on common stock	—		—			—			(98,684		)	—		—			—			(98,684		)
Common stock repurchased	—		—			—			—			55,843		(317,061		)	—			(317,061		)
Common stock retired	(59,029	)	(59		)	—			(334,156		)	(59,029	)	334,215			—			—
Balance at June 30, 2018	4,485,774		$	4,485		$	4,594		$	1,267,630		—		$	—		$	(2,647,277	)	$	(1,370,568	)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)



	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	581,793		$	409,182
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	146,835			150,223
Non-cash interest expense, net of amortization of premium	4,713			4,231
Provision for doubtful accounts	23,944			27,377
Amortization of deferred income related to equity method investment	(1,388		)	(1,388		)
Loss on unconsolidated entity investments, net	64			2,183
Gain on fair value instrument	(117,449		)	—
Dividend received from unconsolidated entity investment	1,366			3,606
Share-based payment expense	70,448			59,697
Deferred income taxes	134,044			220,415
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	(29,364		)	(38,063		)
Inventory	1,232			2,492
Related party, net	(1,722		)	(5,756		)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(177		)	(6,617		)
Other long-term assets	8,356			5,937
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	87,857			(69,078		)
Accrued interest	(9,399		)	(7,042		)
Deferred revenue	85,100			30,779
Other long-term liabilities	7,863			4,358
Net cash provided by operating activities	994,116			792,536
Cash flows from investing activities:
Additions to property and equipment	(174,273		)	(119,517		)
Purchases of other investments	(7,138		)	(7,355		)
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired	—			(107,056		)
Investments in related parties and other equity investees	(6,138		)	(302,526		)
Repayment from (loan to) related party	3,242			(130,794		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(184,307		)	(667,248		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Taxes paid in lieu of shares issued for stock-based compensation	(71,501		)	(22,595		)
Revolving credit facility, net of deferred financing costs	(302,611		)	610,000
Principal payments of long-term borrowings	(7,717		)	(6,000		)
Common stock repurchased and retired	(334,215		)	(783,824		)
Dividends paid	(98,684		)	(93,638		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(814,728		)	(296,057		)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(4,919		)	(170,769		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	79,374			223,828
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period⁽¹⁾	$	74,455		$	53,059


(1)	The following table reconciles cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash per the statement of cash flows to the balance sheet. The restricted cash balances are primarily due to letters of credit which have been issued to the landlords of leased office space. The terms of the letters of credit primarily extend beyond one year.



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017		June 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents	$	63,516	$	69,022	$	42,738	$	213,939
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets	150		244		432		—
Restricted cash included in Other long-term assets	10,789		10,108		9,889		9,889
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	74,455	$	79,374	$	53,059	$	223,828

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)



	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash and Non-Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest, net of amounts capitalized	$	178,850	$	164,147
Income taxes paid	$	5,625	$	12,264
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Capital lease obligations incurred to acquire assets	$	499	$	—
Change in treasury stock not yet settled	$	17,154	$	8,123
Other comprehensive loss (income), net of tax benefit	$	17,826	$	(2,746	)
Issuance of common stock as part of recapitalization of Sirius XM Canada	$	—	$	178,850

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)


(1)	Business & Basis of Presentation

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q presents information for Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”). The terms “Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” as used herein, and unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, refer to Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries, and “Sirius XM” refers to our wholly-owned subsidiary Sirius XM Radio Inc. Holdings has no operations independent of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sirius XM.

Business

We transmit music, sports, entertainment, comedy, talk, news, traffic and weather channels, as well as infotainment services, in the United States on a subscription fee basis through our two proprietary satellite radio systems. Subscribers can also receive music and other channels, plus features such as SiriusXM On Demand, over our Internet radio service, including through applications for mobile devices, home devices and other consumer electronic equipment. We also provide connected vehicle services. Our connected vehicle services are designed to enhance the safety, security and driving experience for vehicle operators while providing marketing and operational benefits to automakers and their dealers.

We have agreements with every major automaker (“OEMs”) to offer satellite radio in their vehicles, through which we acquire the majority of our subscribers. We also acquire subscribers through marketing to owners and lessees of previously owned vehicles that include factory-installed satellite radios that are not currently subscribing to our services. Our satellite radios are primarily distributed through automakers, retailers, and our website. Satellite radio services are also offered to customers of certain rental car companies.

Our primary source of revenue is subscription fees, with most of our customers subscribing to annual, semi-annual, quarterly or monthly plans. We offer discounts for prepaid, longer-term subscription plans, as well as a multiple subscription discount. We also derive revenue from activation and other fees, the sale of advertising on select non-music channels, the direct sale of satellite radios and accessories, and other ancillary services, such as our weather, traffic and data services.

In many cases, a subscription to our radio services is included with the purchase of new or previously owned vehicles. The length of these subscriptions varies but is typically three to twelve months. We receive payments for these subscriptions from certain automakers. We also reimburse various automakers for certain costs associated with satellite radios installed in new vehicles and pay revenue share to various automakers.

As of June 30, 2018, Liberty Media Corporation (“Liberty Media”) beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, approximately 70% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” for the purposes of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Holdings and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Certain numbers in our prior period consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been reclassified or consolidated to conform to our current period presentation.

All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of our management, all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of our unaudited consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 have been made.

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read together with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, which was filed with the SEC on January 31, 2018.

Public companies are required to disclose certain information about their reportable operating segments. Operating segments are defined as significant components of an enterprise for which separate financial information is available and is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance of the segment. We have determined that we have one reportable segment as our chief

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

operating decision maker, our Chief Executive Officer, assesses performance and allocates resources based on the consolidated results of operations of our business.

We have evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date and prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and have determined that no events have occurred that would require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of subsequent events that do not require adjustment to our unaudited consolidated financial statements refer to Note 16.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and footnotes. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include asset impairment, depreciable lives of our satellites, share-based payment expense, and income taxes.


(2)	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Fair Value Measurements

For assets and liabilities required to be reported at fair value, GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value were as follows:



	June 30, 2018						December 31, 2017
	Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value		Level 1	Level 2		Level 3	Total Fair Value
Assets:
Pandora Media, Inc. (“Pandora”) - investment ^(a)	—	$	597,921	—	$	597,921	—	$	480,472	—	$	480,472
Liabilities:
Debt ^(b)	—	$	6,342,699	—	$	6,342,699	—	$	6,987,473	—	$	6,987,473


(a)	During the year ended December 31, 2017, Sirius XM completed a $480,000 investment in Pandora. We have elected the fair value option to account for this investment. Refer to Note 10 for information on this transaction.


(b)	The fair value for non-publicly traded debt is based upon estimates from a market maker and brokerage firm. Refer to Note 11 for information related to the carrying value of our debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income of $4,594 was primarily comprised of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments related to our investment in and loan to Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc. (“Sirius XM Canada”) (refer to Note 10 for additional information). During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, we recorded a foreign currency translation adjustment loss of $8,242 and $17,826 net of tax of $2,663 and $5,735, respectively. In addition, we reclassified stranded tax effects of $4,013 related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments made to nonemployees so the accounting for such payments is substantially the same as those made to employees. Under this ASU, share based awards to nonemployees will be measured at fair value on the grant date of the awards, entities will need to assess the probability of satisfying performance conditions if any are present, and awards will continue to be classified according to Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718 upon vesting which eliminates the need to reassess classification upon vesting, consistent with awards granted to employees. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This ASU requires a company to recognize lease assets and liabilities arising from operating leases in the statement of financial position. This ASU does not significantly change the previous lease guidance for how a lessee should recognize the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease. Additionally, the criteria for classifying a finance lease versus an operating lease are substantially the same as the previous guidance. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The FASB recently issued an exposure draft amending certain aspects of the new leasing standard. The proposed amendment allows adoption of the standard as of the effective date without restating prior periods. We plan to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2019. We expect the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will result in the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets for operating leases.

Recently Adopted Accounting Policies

ASU 2014-09, Revenue - Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09 which requires entities to recognize revenues when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. We adopted ASU 2014-09, and all related amendments, which established ASC Topic 606 (the "new revenue standard"), effective as of January 1, 2018. We adopted the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard to all non-completed contracts as of January 1, 2018 as an adjustment to opening Accumulated deficit in the period of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under Topic 605.

The new revenue standard primarily impacts how we account for revenue share payments and also has other immaterial impacts.

Revenue Share - Paid Trials

We previously recorded revenue share related to paid trials as Revenue share and royalties expense. Under the new revenue standard, we have recorded these revenue share payments as a reduction to revenue as the payments do not transfer a distinct good or service to us. Prior to the adoption, we recognized revenue share related to paid trial subscriptions as the Current portion of deferred revenue. Under the new revenue standard, we reclassified the revenue share related to paid trial subscriptions existing as of the date of adoption from Current portion of deferred revenue to Accounts payable and accrued expenses. For new paid trial subscriptions, the net amount of the paid trial subscription will be recorded as deferred revenue and the portion of revenue share will be recorded to Accounts payable and accrued expenses.

Other Impacts

Other impacts of the new revenue standard include:


•	Activation fees were previously recognized over the expected subscriber life using the straight-line method. Under the new revenue standard, the activation fees have been recognized over a one month period from activation as the

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

activation fees are non-refundable and they do not convey a material right. As of January 1, 2018, we reduced deferred revenue related to activation fees of $8,260, net of tax, to Accumulated deficit.

•

Loyalty payments to OEMs were previously expensed when incurred as Subscriber acquisition costs. Under the new revenue standard, these costs have been capitalized in Prepaid expenses and other current assets as costs to obtain a contract and these costs will be amortized to Subscriber acquisition costs over an average self-pay subscriber life of that OEM. As of January 1, 2018, we capitalized previously expensed loyalty payments of $10,156, net of tax, to Prepaid expenses and other current assets by reducing Accumulated deficit.

These changes do not have a material impact to our financial statements.

ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02 to amend its standard on comprehensive income to provide an option for an entity to reclassify the stranded tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) that was passed in December 2017 from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) directly to retained earnings. The stranded tax effects result from the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities which were originally recorded in comprehensive income but whose remeasurement is reflected in the income statement. The guidance is effective for interim and fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We elected to adopt ASU 2018-02 effective January 1, 2018 and reclassified the stranded tax effects due to the Tax Act of $4,013 related to the currency translation adjustment from our investment balance and note receivable with Sirius XM Canada from AOCI to Accumulated deficit.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2018 for the adoption of ASU 2014-09 and ASU 2018-02 are included in the table below.



	Balance at December 31, 2017			Adjustments Due to ASU 2014-09			Adjustments Due to ASU 2018-02			Balance at January 1, 2018
Balance Sheet
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	129,669		$	8,262		$	—		$	137,931
Other long-term assets	118,671			2,576			—			121,247
Deferred tax assets	505,528			(5,915		)	—			499,613

Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	794,341			32,399			—			826,740
Current portion of deferred revenue	1,881,825			(41,902		)	—			1,839,923
Deferred revenue	174,579			(3,990		)	—			170,589

Equity:
Accumulated deficit	(3,243,473		)	18,416			(4,013		)	(3,229,070		)
AOCI, net of tax	18,407			—			4,013			22,420

The following table illustrates the impact of adopting ASU 2014-09 on our unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income. The adoption of ASU 2018-02 did not impact our unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

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(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)



	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018									For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
	As Reported			Impact of Adopting ASU 2014-09			Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09			As Reported			Impact of Adopting ASU 2014-09			Balances Without Adoption of ASU 2014-09
Income Statement
Revenues
Subscriber revenue	$	1,138,962		$	23,787		$	1,162,749		$	2,256,046		$	48,179		$	2,304,225

Expenses
Revenue share and royalties	404,284			22,235			426,519			714,416			44,304			758,720
Subscriber acquisition costs	119,778			800			120,578			242,471			1,845			244,316
Income tax expense	(70,570		)	(146		)	(70,716		)	(150,819		)	(418		)	(151,237		)

Net Income	$	292,352		$	606		$	292,958		$	581,793		$	1,612		$	583,405

The adoption of the new revenue standard did not have a material impact on our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2018.

ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash. This ASU updates the guidance related to the statement of cash flows and requires that the statement include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning and ending cash. The guidance was effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. We adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2018. As a result of the adoption, we have added restricted cash to the reconciliation of beginning and ending cash and cash equivalents and included a reconciliation of total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the balance sheet for each period presented in the unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows.


(3)	Revenues

Adoption of the new revenue standard

We adopted the new revenue standard using the modified retrospective method by recognizing the cumulative effect of initially applying the new revenue standard to all non-completed contracts as of January 1, 2018 as an adjustment to opening Accumulated deficit in the period of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC Topic 605.

Disaggregation of Revenue

We disaggregate our revenues as shown in the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Nature of goods and services

The following is a description of principal activities from which we generate our revenue, including from subscribers, advertising, and sales of equipment.

Subscription Revenue

Subscription revenue consists primarily of subscription fees and other ancillary subscription based revenues. Revenue is recognized on a straight line basis when the performance obligations to provide each service for the period are satisfied, which is over time as our subscription services are continuously transmitted and can be consumed by customers at any time. Consumers purchasing or leasing a vehicle with a factory-installed satellite radio typically receive between a three and twelve month subscription to our service. In certain cases, the subscription fees for these consumers are prepaid by the applicable

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automaker. Prepaid subscription fees received from certain automakers or directly from consumers are recorded as deferred revenue and amortized to revenue ratably over the service period which commences upon sale and activation. Activation fees are recognized over one month as the activation fees are non-refundable and do not provide for a material right to the customer. There is no revenue recognized for unpaid trial subscriptions. In some cases we pay a loyalty fee to the OEM when we receive a certain amount of payments from self-pay customers acquired from that OEM. These fees are considered incremental costs to obtain a contract and are, therefore, recognized as an asset and amortized to Subscriber acquisition costs over an average subscriber life of that OEM. Revenue share and loyalty fees paid to the OEM offering a paid trial are accounted for as a reduction of revenue as the payment does not provide a distinct good or service.

Advertising Revenue

We recognize revenue from the sale of advertising as performance obligations are satisfied upon airing of the advertising; therefore, revenue is recognized at a point in time when each advertising spot is transmitted. Agency fees are calculated based on a stated percentage applied to gross billing revenue for our advertising inventory and are reported as a reduction of advertising revenue. Additionally, we pay certain third parties a percentage of advertising revenue. Advertising revenue is recorded gross of such revenue share payments as we control the advertising service, including the ability to establish pricing, and we are primarily responsible for providing the service. Advertising revenue share payments are recorded to Revenue share and royalties during the period in which the advertising is transmitted.

Equipment Revenue

Equipment revenue and royalties from the sale of satellite radios, components and accessories are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and control is transferred, which is generally upon shipment. Revenue is recognized net of discounts and rebates.

Music Royalty Fee and Other Revenue

Music Royalty Fee and Other Revenue primarily consists of U.S. music royalty fees ("MRF"). The related costs we incur for the right to broadcast music and other programming are recorded as Revenue share and royalties expense. Fees received from subscribers for the MRF are recorded as deferred revenue and amortized to revenue ratably over the service period as the royalties relate to the subscription services which are continuously delivered to our customers.

Deferred Revenue

Customers generally pay for the services in advance of the performance obligation and therefore these prepayments are recorded as deferred revenue. The deferred revenue is recognized as revenue in our unaudited consolidated statement of comprehensive income as the services are provided. Changes in the liability balance during the period ended June 30, 2018 was not materially impacted by other factors.

Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations

As the majority of our contracts are one year or less, we have utilized the optional exemption under ASC 606-10-50-14 and will not disclose information about the remaining performance obligations for contracts which have original expected durations of one year or less. As of June 30, 2018, less than ten percent of our total deferred revenue balance related to contracts that extended beyond one year. These contracts primarily include prepaid data trials which are typically provided for three to five years as well as for self-pay customers who prepay for their audio subscriptions for up to three years in advance. These amounts will be recognized on a straight-line basis as our services are provided.


(4)	Earnings per Share

Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during each reporting period. Diluted net income per common share adjusts the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if common stock equivalents (stock options and restricted stock units) were exercised or converted into common stock, calculated using the treasury stock method. We had no participating securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

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(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

Common stock equivalents of 24,191 and 35,468 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 45,032 and 35,447 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per common share as the effect would have been anti-dilutive.



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Numerator:
Net income available to common stockholders for basic and diluted net income per common share	$	292,352	$	202,109	$	581,793	$	409,182
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic net income per common share	4,481,930		4,652,426		4,486,620		4,681,223
Weighted average impact of dilutive equity instruments	107,165		83,166		102,366		78,518
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per common share	4,589,095		4,735,592		4,588,986		4,759,741
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.07	$	0.04	$	0.13	$	0.09
Diluted	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.13	$	0.09


(5)	Receivables, net

Receivables, net, includes customer accounts receivable, receivables from distributors and other receivables.

Customer accounts receivable, net, includes receivables from our subscribers and other customers, including advertising, and is stated at amounts due, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based upon our assessment of various factors. We consider historical experience, the age of the receivable balances, current economic conditions and other factors that may affect the counterparty’s ability to pay. Bad debt expense is included in Customer service and billing expense in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Receivables from distributors primarily include billed and unbilled amounts due from OEMs for services included in the sale or lease price of vehicles, as well as billed amounts due from wholesale distributors of our satellite radios. Other receivables primarily include amounts due from manufacturers of our radios, modules and chipsets where we are entitled to subsidies and royalties based on the number of units produced. We have not established an allowance for doubtful accounts for our receivables from distributors or other receivables as we have historically not experienced any significant collection issues with OEMs or other third parties.

Receivables, net, consists of the following:



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Gross customer accounts receivable	$	105,764		$	100,342
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(8,302		)	(9,500		)
Customer accounts receivable, net	$	97,462		$	90,842
Receivables from distributors	121,407			121,410
Other receivables	28,279			29,475
Total receivables, net	$	247,148		$	241,727


(6)	Inventory, net

Inventory consists of finished goods, refurbished goods, chipsets and other raw material components used in manufacturing radios and connected vehicle devices. Inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. We record an estimated allowance for inventory that is considered slow moving or obsolete or whose carrying value is in excess of net realizable value. The provision related to products purchased for resale in our direct to consumer distribution channel and components

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held for resale by us is reported as a component of Cost of equipment in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The provision related to inventory consumed in our OEM channel is reported as a component of Subscriber acquisition costs in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Inventory, net, consists of the following:



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	5,615		$	6,489
Finished goods	18,915			21,225
Allowance for obsolescence	(5,563		)	(7,515		)
Total inventory, net	$	18,967		$	20,199


(7)	Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Our annual impairment assessment of our single reporting unit is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year, and an assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other, states that an entity should perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. ASC 350 also states that a reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount is not required to perform a qualitative assessment. The carrying amount recorded for our one reporting unit and goodwill was $(1,370,568) and $2,286,582, respectively, as of June 30, 2018.

As of June 30, 2018, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment losses were recorded for goodwill during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. As of June 30, 2018, the cumulative balance of goodwill impairments recorded since the July 2008 merger (the “Merger”) between our wholly owned subsidiary, Vernon Merger Corporation, and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. (“XM”), was $4,766,190, which was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2008.


(8)	Intangible Assets

Our intangible assets include the following:



		June 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Weighted Average Useful Lives	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
Indefinite life intangible assets:
FCC licenses	Indefinite	$	2,083,654	$	—		$	2,083,654	$	2,083,654	$	—		$	2,083,654
Trademarks	Indefinite	250,800		—			250,800		250,800		—			250,800
Definite life intangible assets:
Subscriber relationships	9 years	—		—			—		380,000		(380,000		)	—
OEM relationships	15 years	220,000		(68,444		)	151,556		220,000		(61,111		)	158,889
Licensing agreements	12 years	45,289		(36,193		)	9,096		45,289		(34,350		)	10,939
Software and technology	7 years	33,872		(17,857		)	16,015		43,915		(25,351		)	18,564
Total intangible assets		$	2,633,615	$	(122,494	)	$	2,511,121	$	3,023,658	$	(500,812	)	$	2,522,846

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

We have identified our FCC licenses and the XM and Automatic Labs Inc. trademarks as indefinite life intangible assets after considering the expected use of the assets, the regulatory and economic environment within which they are used and the effects of obsolescence on their use.

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We hold FCC licenses to operate our satellite digital audio radio service and provide ancillary services. The following table outlines the years in which each of our satellite licenses expires:



FCC satellite licenses		Expiration year
SIRIUS FM-5		2025
SIRIUS FM-6		2022
XM-3		2021
XM-4		2022
XM-5		2018

Prior to expiration, we are required to apply for a renewal of our FCC licenses. The renewal and extension of our licenses is reasonably certain at minimal cost, which is expensed as incurred. Each of the FCC licenses authorizes us to use the radio spectrum, which is a renewable, reusable resource that does not deplete or exhaust over time.

Our annual impairment assessment of our identifiable indefinite life intangible assets is performed as of the fourth quarter of each year. An assessment is performed at other times if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying value. If the carrying value of the intangible assets exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. As of June 30, 2018, there were no indicators of impairment, and no impairment loss was recognized for intangible assets with indefinite lives during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Definite Life Intangible Assets

Amortization expense for all definite life intangible assets was $5,863 and $12,098 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $11,725 and $23,626 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We retired definite lived intangible assets of $390,043 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 primarily related to fully amortized subscriber relationships. There were no retirements of definite lived intangible assets during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The expected amortization expense for the remaining period in 2018, each of the fiscal years 2019 through 2022 and for periods thereafter is as follows:



Years ending December 31,	Amount
2018 (remaining)	$	11,413
2019	22,701
2020	22,121
2021	16,678
2022	15,542
Thereafter	88,212
Total definite life intangible assets, net	$	176,667

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(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)


(9)	Property and Equipment

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:



	June 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Satellite system	$	1,586,794		$	1,586,794
Terrestrial repeater network	124,904			123,254
Leasehold improvements	59,477			57,635
Broadcast studio equipment	101,338			96,582
Capitalized software and hardware	719,433			639,516
Satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities	74,201			69,147
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other	98,849			96,965
Land	38,411			38,411
Building	61,844			61,824
Construction in progress	347,196			301,153
Total property and equipment	3,212,447			3,071,281
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(1,743,517		)	(1,608,515		)
Property and equipment, net	$	1,468,930		$	1,462,766

Construction in progress consists of the following:



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Satellite system	$	231,047	$	183,243
Terrestrial repeater network	2,972		2,515
Capitalized software and hardware	95,555		94,456
Other	17,622		20,939
Construction in progress	$	347,196	$	301,153

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $68,760 and $61,421 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $135,110 and $126,597 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. We retired property and equipment of $14,760 during the six months ended June 30, 2017. There were no retirements of property and equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

We capitalize a portion of the interest on funds borrowed to finance the construction and launch of our satellites. Capitalized interest is recorded as part of the asset’s cost and depreciated over the satellite’s useful life. Capitalized interest costs were $2,901 and $1,005 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $5,155 and $1,723 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which related to the construction of our SXM-7 and SXM-8 satellites.

Satellites

As of June 30, 2018, we owned a fleet of five satellites. The chart below provides certain information on our satellites as of June 30, 2018:



Satellite Description	Year Delivered	Estimated End of Depreciable Life
SIRIUS FM-5	2009	2024
SIRIUS FM-6	2013	2028
XM-3	2005	2020
XM-4	2006	2021
XM-5	2010	2025

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(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)


(10)	Related Party Transactions

In the normal course of business, we enter into transactions with related parties such as Liberty Media, Sirius XM Canada and Pandora.

Liberty Media

As of June 30, 2018, Liberty Media beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, approximately 70% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Liberty Media has two executives and one of its directors on our board of directors. Gregory B. Maffei, the President and Chief Executive Officer of Liberty Media, is the Chairman of our board of directors.

Sirius XM Canada

On May 25, 2017, Sirius XM completed a recapitalization of Sirius XM Canada (the “Transaction”), which is now a privately held corporation.

Following the Transaction, Sirius XM holds a 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada, with the remainder of the voting power and equity interests held by two of Sirius XM Canada’s previous shareholders. The total consideration from Sirius XM to Sirius XM Canada, excluding transaction costs, during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $308,526, which included $129,676 in cash and we issued 35,000 shares of our common stock with an aggregate value of $178,850 to the holders of the shares of Sirius XM Canada acquired in the Transaction. Sirius XM received common stock, non-voting common stock and preferred stock of Sirius XM Canada. We own 590,950 shares of preferred stock of Sirius XM Canada, which has a liquidation preference of one Canadian dollar per share.

In connection with the Transaction, Sirius XM also made a contribution in the form of a loan to Sirius XM Canada in the aggregate amount of $130,794. The loan is denominated in Canadian dollars and is considered a long-term investment with any unrealized gains or losses reported within Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The loan has a term of fifteen years, bears interest at a rate of 7.62% per annum and includes customary covenants and events of default, including an event of default relating to Sirius XM Canada’s failure to maintain specified leverage ratios. The terms of the loan require Sirius XM Canada to prepay a portion of the outstanding principal amount of the loan within sixty days of the end of each fiscal year in an amount equal to any cash on hand in excess of C$10,000 at the last day of the financial year if all target dividends have been paid in full. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, Sirius XM Canada repaid $3,242 of the principal amount of the loan.

In connection with the Transaction, Sirius XM also entered into a Services Agreement and an Advisory Services Agreement with Sirius XM Canada. Each agreement has a thirty year term. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Sirius XM Canada pays Sirius XM 25% of its gross revenues on a monthly basis through December 31, 2021 and 30% of its gross revenues on a monthly basis thereafter. Pursuant to the Advisory Services Agreement, Sirius XM Canada pays Sirius XM 5% of its gross revenues on a monthly basis. These agreements superseded and replaced the former agreements between Sirius XM Canada and its predecessors and Sirius XM.

Sirius XM Canada is accounted for as an equity method investment, and its results are not consolidated in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. Sirius XM Canada does not meet the requirements for consolidation as we do not have the ability to direct the most significant activities that impact Sirius XM Canada's economic performance.

We had the following related party balances associated with Sirius XM Canada:



	June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Related party current assets	$	13,692	$	10,284
Related party long-term assets	$	453,416	$	481,608
Related party current liabilities	$	4,103	$	2,839
Related party long-term liabilities	$	6,269	$	7,364

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, our related party current asset balance included amounts due under the Services Agreement and Advisory Services Agreement and certain amounts related to transactions outside the scope of the new services arrangements. Our related party long-term assets balance as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included the

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carrying value of our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada of $323,226 and $341,214, respectively, and, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, also included $130,190 and $140,073, respectively, for the long-term value of the outstanding loan to Sirius XM Canada. Our related party liabilities as of each of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 included $2,776 for the current portion of deferred revenue and $3,700 and $5,088, respectively, for the long-term portion of deferred revenue recorded as of the Merger date related to agreements with legacy XM Canada, now Sirius XM Canada. These costs are being amortized on a straight line basis through 2020.

Sirius XM Canada paid gross dividends to us of $408 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and $1,439 and $3,796 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sirius XM Canada did not pay any dividends to us during the three months ended June 30, 2017. Dividends are first recorded as a reduction to our investment balance in Sirius XM Canada to the extent a balance exists and then as Other income for any remaining portion.

We recorded the following revenue and other income associated with Sirius XM Canada in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,						For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018			2017			2018		2017
Revenue ^(a)(b)	$	23,273		$	28,129		$	47,370	$	40,345
Other income
Share of net earnings ^(b)	$	(896	)	$	(5,197	)	$	85	$	(2,183	)
Interest income ^(c)	$	2,557		$	803		$	5,204	$	803

(a)

Prior to the Transaction, under our former agreements with Sirius XM Canada, we received a percentage-based fee of 10% and 15% for certain types of subscription revenue earned by Sirius XM Canada for the use of the Sirius and XM platforms, respectively, and additional fees for premium services and fees for activation fees and reimbursements for other charges. We record revenue from Sirius XM Canada as Other revenue in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

(b)

Prior to the Transaction, we recognized our proportionate share of revenue and earnings or losses attributable to Sirius XM Canada on a one month lag. As a result of the Transaction, there is no longer a one-month lag and Sirius XM Canada changed its fiscal year-end to December 31 to align with us. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, Share of net earnings included $611 and $1,234, respectively, of amortization related to equity method intangible assets.


(c)	This interest income relates to the loan to Sirius XM Canada and is recorded as Other income in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Pandora

On September 22, 2017, Sirius XM completed a $480,000 investment in Pandora. Pursuant to an Investment Agreement with Pandora, Sirius XM purchased 480 shares of Pandora’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), for an aggregate purchase price of $480,000. As of June 30, 2018, the Series A Preferred Stock, including accrued but unpaid dividends, represents a stake of approximately 18% of Pandora's common stock outstanding and approximately a 15% interest on an as-converted basis. Pandora operates an internet-based music discovery platform, offering a personalized experience for listeners.

The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time into shares of common stock of Pandora (“Pandora Common Stock”) at an initial conversion price of $10.50 per share of Pandora Common Stock and an initial conversion rate of 95.2381 shares of Pandora Common Stock per share of Series A Preferred Stock, subject to certain customary anti-dilution adjustments. Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 6.0% per annum, payable quarterly in arrears, if and when declared. Pandora has the option to pay dividends in cash when authorized by their Board and declared by Pandora or accumulate dividends in lieu of paying cash. Any conversion of Series A Preferred Stock may be settled by Pandora, at its option, in shares of Pandora Common Stock, cash or any combination thereof. However, unless and until Pandora’s stockholders have approved the issuance of greater than 19.99% of the outstanding Pandora Common Stock, the Series A Preferred Stock may not be converted into more than 19.99% of Pandora’s outstanding Pandora Common Stock as of June 9, 2017. The liquidation preference of the Series A Preferred Stock, including accrued dividends of $25,684, was $505,684 as of June 30, 2018.

The investment includes a mandatory redemption feature on any date from and after September 22, 2022 whereby Sirius XM, at its option, may require Pandora to purchase the Series A Preferred Stock at a price equal to 100% of the liquidation

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(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

preference plus accrued but unpaid dividends for, at the election of Pandora, cash, shares of Pandora Common Stock or a combination thereof, and as such the investment qualifies as a debt security under ASC 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities. As the investment includes a conversion option, we have elected to account for this investment under the fair value option to reduce the accounting asymmetry that would otherwise arise when recognizing the changes in the fair value of available-for-sale investments. Under the fair value option, any gains (losses) associated with the change in fair value will be recognized in Other income within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. An $86,074 and $117,449 unrealized gain associated with this investment was recognized during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, as Other income in our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of our investment, including accrued dividends, as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $597,921 and $480,472, respectively, and is recorded as a related party long-term asset within our unaudited consolidated balance sheets. This investment does not meet the requirements for the equity method of accounting as it does not qualify as in-substance common stock.

Sirius XM has appointed James E. Meyer, our Chief Executive Officer, David J. Frear, our Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Gregory B. Maffei, the Chairman of our Board of Directors, to Pandora's Board of Directors pursuant to our designation rights under the Investment Agreement. Mr. Maffei also serves as the Chairman of Pandora's Board of Directors.

Sirius XM's right to designate directors will fall away once Sirius XM and its affiliates fail to beneficially own shares of Series A Preferred Stock and/or Pandora Common Stock issued upon conversion thereof equal to (on an as-converted basis) at least 50% of the number of shares of Pandora Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock purchased under the Investment Agreement. Following the earlier to occur of (i) September 22, 2019 and (ii) the date on which Sirius XM and its affiliates fail to beneficially own shares of Series A Preferred Stock and/or Pandora Common Stock that were issued upon conversion thereof equal to (on an as-converted basis) at least 75% of the number of shares of Pandora Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock purchased under the Investment Agreement, Sirius XM has the right to designate only two directors.

We are subject to certain standstill restrictions, including, among other things, that we are restricted from acquiring additional securities of Pandora until December 9, 2018.

Except as to matters that may be voted upon separately by holders of the Series A Preferred Stock, Sirius XM is entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of Pandora Common Stock on an as-converted basis (up to a maximum of 19.99% of the Pandora Common Stock outstanding on June 9, 2017, unless stockholder approval has been received). Sirius XM is also entitled to a separate class vote with respect to certain amendments to Pandora’s organizational documents, issuances by Pandora of securities that are senior to, or equal in priority with, the Series A Preferred Stock and the incurrence of certain indebtedness by Pandora.

Upon certain change of control events involving Pandora, Pandora is required to repurchase all of the Series A Preferred Stock at a price equal to the greater of (1) an amount in cash equal to 100% of the liquidation preference thereof plus all accrued but unpaid dividends through June 9, 2022 (assuming such shares of Series A Preferred Stock remain outstanding through such date) and (2) the consideration the holders would have received if they had converted their shares of Series A Preferred Stock into Pandora Common Stock immediately prior to the change of control event (disregarding the 19.99% cap).

Beginning on September 22, 2020, if the volume weighted average price per share of Pandora Common Stock exceeds $18.375, as may be adjusted, for at least 20 trading days in any period of 30 consecutive trading days, Pandora may redeem all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock at a price equal to 100% of the liquidation preference thereof plus all accrued but unpaid dividends for, at the election of Pandora, cash, shares of Pandora Common Stock or a combination thereof, provided that, unless stockholder approval has been received, Pandora may not settle the redemption for shares of Pandora Common Stock to the extent the 19.99% cap would be exceeded.

Pursuant to a registration rights agreement entered into with Pandora, Sirius XM has certain customary registration rights with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock and Pandora Common Stock issued upon conversion thereof.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)


(11)	Debt

Our debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:



							Carrying value^(a) at
Issuer / Borrower	Issued	Debt	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	Principal Amount at June 30, 2018		June 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Sirius XM (b)	July 2017	3.875% Senior Notes	August 1, 2022	semi-annually on February 1 and August 1	$	1,000,000	$	992,811	$	992,011
Sirius XM (b)	May 2013	4.625% Senior Notes	May 15, 2023	semi-annually on May 15 and November 15	500,000		496,923		496,646
Sirius XM (b)	May 2014	6.00% Senior Notes	July 15, 2024	semi-annually on January 15 and July 15	1,500,000		1,488,758		1,488,002
Sirius XM (b)	March 2015	5.375% Senior Notes	April 15, 2025	semi-annually on April 15 and October 15	1,000,000		991,777		991,285
Sirius XM (b)	May 2016	5.375% Senior Notes	July 15, 2026	semi-annually on January 15 and July 15	1,000,000		990,597		990,138
Sirius XM (b)	July 2017	5.00% Senior Notes	August 1, 2027	semi-annually on February 1 and August 1	1,500,000		1,486,728		1,486,162
Sirius XM (c)	December 2012	Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the "Credit Facility")	June 29, 2023	variable fee paid quarterly	1,750,000		—		300,000
Sirius XM	Various	Capital leases	Various	n/a	n/a		8,324		10,597
Total Debt							6,455,918		6,754,841
Less: total current maturities							4,660		5,105
Less: total deferred financing costs for Notes							7,969		8,493
Total long-term debt							$	6,443,289	$	6,741,243


(a)	The carrying value of the obligations is net of any remaining unamortized original issue discount.


(b)	Substantially all of our domestic wholly-owned subsidiaries have guaranteed these notes.

(c)

In June 2018, Sirius XM entered into an amendment to extend the maturity of the Credit Facility to June 2023. Sirius XM's obligations under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by certain of its material domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a lien on substantially all of Sirius XM's assets and the assets of its material domestic subsidiaries. Interest on borrowings is payable on a monthly basis and accrues at a rate based on LIBOR plus an applicable rate. Sirius XM is also required to pay a variable fee on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility which is payable on a quarterly basis. The variable rate for the unused portion of the Credit Facility was 0.25% per annum as of June 30, 2018. All of Sirius XM's outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility are classified as Long-term debt within our unaudited consolidated balance sheets due to the long-term maturity of this debt.

Covenants and Restrictions

Under the Credit Facility, Sirius XM, our wholly-owned subsidiary, must comply with a debt maintenance covenant that it cannot exceed a total leverage ratio, calculated as consolidated total debt to consolidated operating cash flow, of 5.0 to 1.0. The Credit Facility generally requires compliance with certain covenants that restrict Sirius XM's ability to, among other things, (i) incur additional indebtedness, (ii) incur liens, (iii) pay dividends or make certain other restricted payments, investments or acquisitions, (iv) enter into certain transactions with affiliates, (v) merge or consolidate with another person, (vi) sell, assign, lease or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of Sirius XM's assets, and (vii) make voluntary prepayments of certain debt, in each case subject to exceptions.

The indentures governing Sirius XM's notes restrict Sirius XM's non-guarantor subsidiaries' ability to create, assume, incur or guarantee additional indebtedness without such non-guarantor subsidiary guaranteeing each such series of notes on a pari passu basis. The indentures governing the notes also contain covenants that, among other things, limit Sirius XM's ability and the ability of its subsidiaries to create certain liens; enter into sale/leaseback transactions; and merge or consolidate.

Under Sirius XM's debt agreements, the following generally constitute an event of default: (i) a default in the payment of interest; (ii) a default in the payment of principal; (iii) failure to comply with covenants; (iv) failure to pay other indebtedness

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

after final maturity or acceleration of other indebtedness exceeding a specified amount; (v) certain events of bankruptcy; (vi) a judgment for payment of money exceeding a specified aggregate amount; and (vii) voidance of subsidiary guarantees, subject to grace periods where applicable. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, our debt could become immediately due and payable.

At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with our debt covenants.


(12)	Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 9,000,000 shares of common stock. There were 4,485,774 and 4,530,928 shares of common stock issued and 4,485,774 and 4,527,742 shares outstanding on June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As of June 30, 2018, there were 281,863 shares of common stock reserved for issuance in connection with outstanding stock based awards to be granted to members of our board of directors, employees and third parties.

Quarterly Dividends

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, our board of directors declared the following dividends:



Declaration Date	Dividend Per Share		Record Date	Total Amount		Payment Date
January 23, 2018	$	0.011	February 7, 2018	$	49,397	February 28, 2018
April 26, 2018	$	0.011	May 10, 2018	$	49,287	May 31, 2018

Stock Repurchase Program

As of June 30, 2018, our board of directors had approved for repurchase an aggregate of $12,000,000 of our common stock. Our board of directors did not establish an end date for this stock repurchase program. Shares of common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market, pursuant to pre-set trading plans meeting the requirements of Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, in privately negotiated transactions, including transactions with Liberty Media and its affiliates, or otherwise. As of June 30, 2018, our cumulative repurchases since December 2012 under our stock repurchase program totaled 2,529,978 shares for $9,694,181, and $2,305,819 remained available under our stock repurchase program.

The following table summarizes our total share repurchase activity for the six months ended:



	June 30, 2018			June 30, 2017
Share Repurchase Type	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Open Market	55,843	$	317,061	155,711	$	775,701

Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share

We are authorized to issue up to 50,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $0.001 per share. There were no shares of preferred stock issued or outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and 2017.


(13)	Benefit Plans

We recognized share-based payment expense of $36,215 and $30,251 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and $70,448 and $59,697 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan

In May 2015, our stockholders approved the Sirius XM Holdings Inc. 2015 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Employees, consultants and members of our board of directors are eligible to receive awards under the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and other stock-based awards that the compensation committee of our board of directors deems appropriate. Stock-based awards granted under the 2015 Plan

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

are generally subject to a graded vesting requirement, which is generally three to four years from the grant date. Stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock units include performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), the vesting of which are subject to the achievement of performance goals and the employee's continued employment and generally cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. Each restricted stock unit entitles the holder to receive one share of common stock upon vesting. As of June 30, 2018, 171,619 shares of common stock were available for future grants under the 2015 Plan.

Other Plans

We maintain three other share-based benefit plans — the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 2009 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan, the XM 2007 Stock Incentive Plan and the Amended and Restated Sirius Satellite Radio 2003 Long-Term Stock Incentive Plan. Excluding dividend equivalent units granted as a result of a declared dividend, no further awards may be made under these plans.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to compute the fair value of options granted to employees and members of our board of directors:



	For the Three Months Ended June 30,		For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Risk-free interest rate	2.6%	1.6%	2.5%	1.6%
Expected life of options — years	3.48	4.35	3.54	4.07
Expected stock price volatility	22%	26%	22%	26%
Expected dividend yield	0.6%	0.8%	0.7%	0.8%

There were no options granted to third parties during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

The following table summarizes stock option activity under our share-based plans for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price Per Share		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	280,457		$	3.76
Granted	10,617		$	6.44
Exercised	(41,644	)	$	3.18
Forfeited, cancelled or expired	(1,926	)	$	4.48
Outstanding as of June 30, 2018	247,504		$	3.96	6.40	$	695,499
Exercisable as of June 30, 2018	115,544		$	3.40	5.30	$	389,015

The weighted average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was $1.19. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $139,812 and $47,572, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 the number of net settled shares which were issued as a result of stock option exercises was 12,054.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with stock options of $20,776 and $20,125 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $40,435 and $39,637 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

The following table summarizes the restricted stock unit, including PRSU, activity under our share-based plans for the six months ended June 30, 2018:



	Shares		Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
Nonvested as of December 31, 2017	31,323		$	4.54
Granted	7,123		$	6.27
Vested	(3,518	)	$	3.92
Forfeited	(569	)	$	4.80
Nonvested as of June 30, 2018	34,359		$	4.93

The total intrinsic value of restricted stock units, including PRSUs, vesting during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $22,656 and $4,802, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the number of net settled shares which were issued as a result of restricted stock units vesting totaled 1,821. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we granted 3,768 PRSUs to certain employees. We believe it is probable that the performance target applicable to these PRSUs will be achieved.

In connection with the cash dividends paid during the six months ended June 30, 2018, we granted 126 restricted stock units, including PRSUs, in accordance with the terms of existing award agreements. These grants did not result in any additional incremental share-based payment expense being recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

We recognized share-based payment expense associated with restricted stock units, including PRSUs, of $15,439 and $10,126 for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $30,013 and $20,060 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested share-based payment awards for stock options and restricted stock units, including PRSUs, granted to employees, members of our board of directors and third parties at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $251,588 and $241,521, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation costs at June 30, 2018 are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.72 years.

401(k) Savings Plan

Sirius XM sponsors the Sirius XM Radio Inc. 401(k) Savings Plan (the “Sirius XM Plan”) for eligible employees. The Sirius XM Plan allows eligible employees to voluntarily contribute from 1% to 50% of their pre-tax eligible earnings, subject to certain defined limits. We match 50% of an employee’s voluntary contributions per pay period on the first 6% of an employee’s pre-tax salary up to a maximum of 3% of eligible compensation. We may also make additional discretionary matching, true-up matching and non-elective contributions to the Sirius XM Plan. Employer matching contributions under the Sirius XM Plan vest at a rate of 33.33% for each year of employment and are fully vested after three years of employment for all current and future contributions. Our cash employer matching contributions are not used to purchase shares of our common stock on the open market, unless the employee elects our common stock as their investment option for this contribution. We recognized $2,159 and $1,835 in expense during three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $4,028 and $3,517 in expense during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, in connection with the Sirius XM Plan.

Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan

In 2015, we adopted the Sirius XM Holdings Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”). The DCP allows members of our board of directors and certain eligible employees to defer all or a portion of their base salary, cash incentive compensation and/or board of directors’ cash compensation, as applicable. Pursuant to the terms of the DCP, we may elect to make additional contributions beyond amounts deferred by participants, but we are under no obligation to do so. We have established a grantor (or “rabbi”) trust to facilitate the payment of our obligations under the DCP.

Contributions to the DCP, net of withdrawals, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were $307 and $334, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were $7,138 and $7,355, respectively. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the fair value of the investments held in the trust were $22,375 and $14,641, respectively, which is

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

included in Other long-term assets in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets and are classified as trading securities. Trading gains and losses associated with these investments are recorded in Other income within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The associated liability is recorded within Other long-term liabilities in our unaudited consolidated balance sheets, and any increase or decrease in the liability is recorded in General and administration expense within our unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, we recorded an immaterial amount of unrealized gains on investments held in the trust.


(14)	Commitments and Contingencies

The following table summarizes our expected contractual cash commitments as of June 30, 2018:



	2018		2019		2020		2021		2022		Thereafter		Total
Debt obligations	$	2,455	$	3,935	$	1,207	$	727	$	1,000,000	$	5,500,000	$	6,508,324
Cash interest payments	168,407		338,887		338,844		338,817		338,811		919,243		2,443,009
Satellite and transmission	59,557		94,922		51,056		4,347		2,428		4,288		216,598
Programming and content	136,122		251,953		207,728		118,706		52,475		162,938		929,922
Sales and marketing	9,990		12,817		7,701		7,446		1,644		203		39,801
Satellite incentive payments	8,001		10,652		10,197		8,574		8,558		61,767		107,749
Operating lease obligations	19,499		44,983		42,779		37,416		34,096		143,628		322,401
Royalties and other	230,132		139,285		103,414		86,253		23,199		33		582,316
Total ⁽¹⁾	$	634,163	$	897,434	$	762,926	$	602,286	$	1,461,211	$	6,792,100	$	11,150,120


(1)	The table does not include our reserve for uncertain tax positions, which at June 30, 2018 totaled $15,344.

Debt obligations. Debt obligations include principal payments on outstanding debt and capital lease obligations.

Cash interest payments. Cash interest payments include interest due on outstanding debt and capital lease payments through maturity.

Satellite and transmission. We have entered into agreements with several third parties to design, build, launch and insure two satellites, SXM-7 and SXM-8. We also have entered into agreements with third parties to operate and maintain satellite telemetry, tracking and control facilities and certain components of our terrestrial repeater networks.

Programming and content. We have entered into various programming and content agreements. Under the terms of these agreements, our obligations include fixed payments, advertising commitments and revenue sharing arrangements. In certain of these agreements, the future revenue sharing costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to estimate; therefore, they are not included in our minimum contractual cash commitments.

Sales and marketing. We have entered into various marketing, sponsorship and distribution agreements to promote our brand and are obligated to make payments to sponsors, retailers, automakers and radio manufacturers under these agreements. Certain programming and content agreements also require us to purchase advertising on properties owned or controlled by the licensors.

Satellite incentive payments. Boeing Satellite Systems International, Inc., the manufacturer of certain of our in-orbit satellites, may be entitled to future in-orbit performance payments with respect to XM-3 and XM-4 meeting their fifteen-year design life, which we expect to occur. Boeing may also be entitled to up to $10,000 of additional incentive payments if our XM-4 satellite continues to operate above baseline specifications during the five years beyond the satellite’s fifteen-year design life, which is currently not expected to occur.

Space Systems/Loral, the manufacturer of certain of our in-orbit satellites, may be entitled to future in-orbit performance payments with respect to XM-5, SIRIUS FM-5 and SIRIUS FM-6 meeting their fifteen-year design life, which we expect to occur.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

Operating lease obligations. We have entered into both cancelable and non-cancelable operating leases for office space, equipment and terrestrial repeaters. These leases provide for minimum lease payments, additional operating expense charges, leasehold improvements and rent escalations that have initial terms ranging from one to fifteen years, and certain leases have options to renew. The effect of the rent holidays and rent concessions are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, including reasonably assured renewal periods.

Royalties and other. We have entered into certain music royalty arrangements that include fixed payments. We have also entered into various agreements with third parties for general operating purposes.

In addition to the minimum contractual cash commitments described above, we have entered into other variable cost arrangements. These future costs are dependent upon many factors and are difficult to anticipate; however, these costs may be substantial. We may enter into additional programming, distribution, marketing and other agreements that contain similar variable cost provisions. We also have a surety bond of approximately $45,000 primarily used as security against non-performance in the normal course of business. We do not have any other significant off-balance sheet financing arrangements that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant or party to various claims and lawsuits, including those discussed below.

We record a liability when we believe that it is both probable that a liability will be incurred, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. We evaluate developments in legal matters that could affect the amount of liability that has been previously accrued and make adjustments as appropriate. Significant judgment is required to determine both probability and the estimated amount of a loss or potential loss. We may be unable to reasonably estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss for a particular legal contingency for various reasons, including, among others, because: (i) the damages sought are indeterminate; (ii) the proceedings are in the relative early stages; (iii) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending proceedings (including motions and appeals); (iv) there is uncertainty as to the likelihood of settlement and the outcome of any negotiations with respect thereto; (v) there remain significant factual issues to be determined or resolved; (vi) the relevant law is unsettled; or (vii) the proceedings involve novel or untested legal theories. In such instances, there may be considerable uncertainty regarding the ultimate resolution of such matters, including the likelihood or magnitude of a possible eventual loss, if any.

SoundExchange Royalty Claims. On June 7, 2018, Sirius XM entered into an agreement with SoundExchange, Inc., the organization that collects and distributes sound recording royalties pursuant to our statutory license, to settle the cases titled SoundExchange, Inc. v. Sirius XM Radio, Inc., No.13-cv-1290-RJL (D.D.C.), and SoundExchange, Inc. v. Sirius XM Radio, Inc., No.17-cv-02666-RJL (D.D.C.). A description of these actions is contained in our prior public filings. In connection with the settlement, we made a one-time lump sum payment of $150,000 to SoundExchange on July 6, 2018. The settlement resolved all outstanding claims, including ongoing audits, under our statutory license for sound recordings for the period January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2017.

Telephone Consumer Protection Act Suits. On March 13, 2017, Thomas Buchanan, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, filed a class action complaint against us in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division. The plaintiff in this action alleges that we violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (the “TCPA”) by, among other things, making telephone solicitations to persons on the National Do-Not-Call registry, a database established to allow consumers to exclude themselves from telemarketing calls unless they consent to receive the calls in a signed, written agreement, and making calls to consumers in violation of our internal Do-Not-Call registry. The plaintiff is seeking various forms of relief, including statutory damages of five hundred dollars for each violation of the TCPA or, in the alternative, treble damages of up to fifteen hundred dollars for each knowing and willful violation of the TCPA and a permanent injunction prohibiting us from making, or having made, any calls to land lines that are listed on the National Do-Not-Call registry or our internal Do-Not-Call registry. We believe we have substantial defenses to the claims asserted in this action, and we intend to defend this action vigorously.

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SIRIUS XM HOLDINGS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - Continued

(UNAUDITED)

(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share amounts)

Other Matters. In the ordinary course of business, we are a defendant in various other lawsuits and arbitration proceedings, including derivative actions; actions filed by subscribers, both on behalf of themselves and on a class action basis; former employees; parties to contracts or leases; and owners of patents, trademarks, copyrights or other intellectual property. None of these other matters, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.


(15)	Income Taxes

We file a consolidated federal income tax return for all of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, including Sirius XM. For the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, income tax expense was $70,570 and $119,513, respectively, and $150,819 and $233,486 for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Our effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was 19.4% and 37.2%, respectively. Our effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was 20.6% and 36.3%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily impacted by the reduced federal income tax rate as a result of the Tax Act and the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share based compensation. The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 was impacted by the recognition of excess tax benefits related to share based compensation. We estimate our effective tax rate for the year ending December 31, 2018 will be approximately 22%.

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we had a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets of $52,405 and $52,883, respectively, that were not likely to be realized due to certain net operating loss limitations and acquired net operating losses that were not more likely than not going to be utilized.


(16)	Subsequent Events

On July 18, 2018, our board of directors declared a quarterly dividend on our common stock in the amount of $0.011 per share of common stock payable on August 31, 2018 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 10, 2018.

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ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

All amounts referenced in this Item 2 are in thousands, except per subscriber and per installation amounts, unless otherwise stated.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q presents information for Sirius XM Holdings Inc. (“Holdings”). The terms “Holdings,” “we,” “us,” “our,” and “our company” as used herein, and unless otherwise stated or indicated by context, refer to Sirius XM Holdings Inc. and its subsidiaries, and "Sirius XM" refers to, our wholly-owned subsidiary Sirius XM Radio Inc. Holdings has no operations independent of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Sirius XM.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

The following cautionary statements identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other reports and documents published by us from time to time. Any statements about our beliefs, plans, objectives, expectations, assumptions, future events or performance are not historical facts and may be forward-looking. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimated,” “intend,” “plan,” “projection” and “outlook.” Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in other reports and documents published by us from time to time, particularly the risk factors described under “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” herein and in Part II, Item 7, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Among the significant factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements are:


•	we face substantial competition and that competition is likely to increase over time;


•	our ability to retain subscribers or increase the number of subscribers is uncertain;


•	our ability to profitably attract and retain subscribers as our marketing efforts reach more price-sensitive consumers is uncertain;


•	if we fail to protect the security of personal information about our customers, we could be subject to costly government enforcement actions and private litigation and our reputation could suffer;


•	our service may experience harmful interference from new wireless operations;


•	we engage in extensive marketing efforts and the continued effectiveness of those efforts are an important part of our business;


•	consumer protection laws and their enforcement could damage our business;


•	we may not realize the benefits of acquisitions or other strategic investments and initiatives;


•	the unfavorable outcome of pending or future litigation could have a material adverse impact on our operations and financial condition;


•	the market for music rights is changing and is subject to significant uncertainties;


•	our business depends in large part upon the auto industry;


•	general economic conditions can affect our business;


•	existing or future laws and regulations could harm our business;


•	failure of our satellites would significantly damage our business;


•	interruption or failure of our information technology and communications systems could negatively impact our results and our brand;

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•	rapid technological and industry changes and new entrants could adversely impact our services;


•	failure of third parties to perform could adversely affect our business;


•	failure to comply with FCC requirements could damage our business;


•	we may from time to time modify our business plan, and these changes could adversely affect us and our financial condition;


•	we have a significant amount of indebtedness, and our debt contains certain covenants that restrict our operations;


•	our studios, terrestrial repeater networks, satellite uplink facilities or other ground facilities could be damaged by natural catastrophes or terrorist activities;


•	our principal stockholder has significant influence, including over actions requiring stockholder approval, and its interests may differ from the interests of other holders of our common stock;


•	we are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NASDAQ listing rules and, as a result, qualify for, and rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements;


•	our business may be impaired by third-party intellectual property rights; and


•	while we currently pay a quarterly cash dividend to holders of our common stock, we may change our dividend policy at any time.

Because the risk factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf, you should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. In addition, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement or statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made, to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events or otherwise, except as required by law. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict which will arise or to assess with any precision the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Executive Summary

We have agreements with every major automaker (“OEMs”) to offer satellite radio in their vehicles, through which we acquire the majority of our subscribers. We also acquire subscribers through marketing to owners and lessees of previously owned vehicles that include factory-installed satellite radios that are not currently subscribing to our services. Our satellite radios are primarily distributed through automakers; retailers; and our website. Satellite radio services are also offered to customers of certain rental car companies.

As of June 30, 2018, we had approximately 33.5 million subscribers of which approximately 28.2 million were self-pay subscribers and approximately 5.3 million were paid promotional subscribers. Our subscriber totals include subscribers under our regular pricing plans; discounted pricing plans; subscribers that have prepaid, including payments either made or due from automakers for subscriptions included in the sale or lease price of a vehicle; subscribers to our Internet services who do not also have satellite radio subscriptions; and certain subscribers to our weather, traffic, and data services who do not also have satellite radio subscriptions. Subscribers and subscription related revenues and expenses associated with the Sirius XM Canada service, which had approximately 2.6 million subscribers as of June 30, 2018, and connected vehicle services are not included in our subscriber count or subscriber-based operating metrics.

Our primary source of revenue is subscription fees, with most of our customers subscribing to annual, semi-annual, quarterly or monthly plans. We offer discounts for prepaid subscription plans, as well as a multiple subscription discount. We also derive revenue from activation and other fees, the sale of advertising on select non-music channels, the direct sale of

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satellite radios and accessories, and other ancillary services, such as our weather, traffic and data services. We provide traffic services to approximately 8.1 million vehicles.

In many cases, a subscription to our radio service is included with the purchase of new or previously owned vehicles. The length of these subscriptions varies but is typically three to twelve months. We receive payments for these subscriptions from certain automakers. We also reimburse various automakers for certain costs associated with satellite radios installed in new vehicles and pay revenue share to various automakers.

As of June 30, 2018, Liberty Media beneficially owned, directly and indirectly, approximately 70% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. As a result, we are a “controlled company” for the purposes of the NASDAQ corporate governance requirements.

Sirius XM holds an equity method investment in Sirius XM Canada Holdings Inc. (“Sirius XM Canada”), which offers satellite radio services in Canada. As of June 30, 2018, Sirius XM owned an approximate 70% equity interest and 33% voting interest in Sirius XM Canada.

Sirius XM holds an investment in Pandora Media, Inc. (“Pandora”), which operates an internet-based music discovery platform, offering a personalized experience for listeners. As of June 30, 2018, Sirius XM's interest in Pandora represented an approximately 18% interest in Pandora's outstanding common stock, and an approximately 15% interest on an as-converted basis.

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Results of Operations

Set forth below are our results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.



									2018 vs 2017 Change
	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,				Three Months		Six Months
	2018		2017		2018		2017		Amount	%	Amount	%
Revenue:
Subscriber revenue	$	1,138,962	$	1,111,011	$	2,256,046	$	2,189,268